ADMIRAL

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Autograph Letter Signed ('John Corbett') from Admiral Sir John Corbett to 'Mrs. Alexander', describing his activities and plans following his marriage, including his appointment as Captain of HMS Hastings, flagship to Admiral Sir Lewis Tobias Jones.

Author: 
Admiral Sir John Corbett (1822-1893), KCB, RN, from 1875 Naval aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria [Admiral Sir Lewis Tobias Jones (1797-1895)]
Publication details: 
On letterhead of Aston Hall, Shifnal. 29 June [1864].
£75.00

6pp., 12mo. Earlier in 1864, as Captain John Corbett, he had married Georgina Grace, eldest daughter of G. J. Holmes of Brooke Hall, Norfolk. He begins by explaining that he could not answer her note, as he received it 'at Spithead just before sailing for Sheerness': 'As I explained to your Husband I took the note & consequently the address so that when I wanted to send my wedding cards I could only send them to Alexander at the R. L. College.' He continues: 'I am not very long out of harness and am going to try my hand at being a Flag Captain'.

Autograph Letter Signed ('David Beatty') from Rear-Admiral David Beatty [later Earl Beatty], setting up with the London publishers Hutchinson & Co. a subscription for his son to the periodical 'The Marvels of the Universe'.

Author: 
Admiral of the Fleet David Richard Beatty (1871-1936), 1st Earl Beatty [Admiral Beatty], commander of the Royal Navy battlecruisers at the Battle of Jutland, 1916 [Hutchinson & Co., London publishers]
Publication details: 
On letterhead of Brooksby Hall, Leicester; 'Thursday' [stamped with date 12 February 1912].
£80.00

2pp., 12mo. On aged paper, with two ring-binder holes at the head of each leaf. Date stamp in purple ink. He asks for back numbers and future issues of 'The Marvels of the Age or Universe [sic]' to be sent 'to Master David Beatty Hanover Lodge Regents Park'. A postscript concerns 'the engraved Portraits'.

Notebook containing 56 silhouette portraits, mainly of Scots, cut from black card, with sitters including Solomon Caesar Malan, Admiral Robert Wauchope, General Sir John Slade, General Edward Bannerman Ramsay, Admiral Sir Houston Stewart.

Author: 
[Victorian Scottish silhouette portraits; Solomon Caesar Malan; Admiral Robert Wauchope; Gen. Sir John Slade;Maj. Montagu Hamilton Dowbiggin; Gen. Edward Bannerman Ramsay; Admiral Sir Houston Stewart]
Publication details: 
One (loose) dated from Geneva in 1847; the others dating from the 1850s and 1860s.
£350.00

All the silhouettes are cut from black card, and all but one are head and shoulder portraits. 52 are laid down on the rectos of the 17 leaves of a landscape 8vo (23 x 14 cm.) notebook of Whatman paper, stitched with grey wraps. They range from two to eight silhouettes to a page, and with the silhouettes ranging in height from 5.5 cm. to 10 cm. Two others are loosely inserted within makeshift mounts on the last leaf. Two more silhouettes are loosely inserted: the first (9 cm.

Manuscript diary of the purser of the Royal Navy Armoured Cruiser HMS Cornwall, describing Mediterranean and Baltic tours of duty (while Captain W. R. Hall was spying for Britain)

Author: 
[Purser's diary, Royal Navy Armoured Cruiser HMS Cornwall, under Captain (later Admiral Sir) William Reginald Blinker Hall (1870-1943), future Director of Naval Intelligence; golf]
Publication details: 
1 January to 17 December 1909
£380.00

Manuscript diary of the purser of the Royal Navy Armoured Cruiser HMS Cornwall, describing Mediterranean and Baltic tours of duty (while Captain W. R. Hall was spying for Britain), with descriptions of golf and other sports and recreations. 'Letts's No. 46 Indian and Colonial Rough Diary Giving Half a Page a Day. 1909'. 12mo, 161pp. Good, on aged paper, in worn boards. Diary proper consists of 210pp., with entries on three-quarters (159pp.) of them (few entries for periods of leave), preceded by two pages with lists of family birthdays and of books read.

Two Autograph Letters Signed from the English osteopath J. J. Dunning to Admiral Milne.

Author: 
Dr John J. Dunning, Secretary, the British Osteopathic Association [Admiral Milne]
Publication details: 
23 and 24 March 1945; the first on letterhead of the British Osteopathic Association, cancelled to 140 Park Lane; the second on letterhead of the American Club, London.
£95.00

Both items 12mo, 1 p. Both good, on lightly aged paper. Pinned to one another. Letter One: He is'enclosing two leaflets on disc manipulation'. He has a third, 'fuller and illustrated', and if they interest Milne, he will be 'delighted'. Letter Two: He had 'much rather be found right than wrong', but would 'enjoy either experience, in meeting you again'. Could see Milne's 'pictures' after easter, and hopes to have 'one or two you may like to see as well'. Dunning had served in the United States Army Medical Corps before going to England to practice osteopathy.

Large 1915 Admiralty chart of 'The Bosporus surveyed by Messrs. Ch. Ploix and Manen 1854.'

Author: 
Admiral Sir Arthur Mostyn Field (1855-1950), R.N., hydrographer [Admiralty chart of the Bosphorus, Turkey, surveyed by Ploix and Manen, under Admiral Hamelin; and by Captain W. J. L. Wharton, R.N.]
Publication details: 
'London. Published at the Admiralty 4th. March 1905, under the Superintendence of Captain A. Mostyn Field, R.N., Hydrographer. New Edition 19th. Novr. 1915.' [Numbered 1198.]
£320.00
Large 1915 Admiralty chart of 'The Bosporus ...'

Printed in black and red on piece of thick paper, 88 cm x 103 cm. In fair condition, lightly-aged. Insert map of the Golden Horn, and three sections (one of 'Mark for clearing Stefano Bank'), together with a table of conversion from 'British Units - Metres'. Printed beneath the title are six 'Cautions', with no. 2, relating to 'landing places of cables', printed in red. The title continues '[...] | under the direction of Admiral Hamelin of the French Imperial Navy. Chibuldi Bay to Dikili Rock by the Officers of H.M.S. "Spitfire" 1853.

Autograph Letter Signed ('E. Napier') from Lieutenant-Colonel E. Elers Napier to his bookseller [George Routledge?], concerning his 'theory as to the "Sources of the Nile"'.

Publication details: 
24 May 1853; Newport, Isle of Wight.
£325.00
Autograph Letter Signed ('E. Napier') from Lieutenant-Colonel E. Elers Napier

Folio, 1 p. Twenty-three lines. Text clear and complete. Good, on lightly-aged paper. His mother Lady Napier, who went to town the previous day, has 'taken charge of the 2 Vols of the Athenaeum' his correspondent sent him. 'Lady Napier has promised to call herself at Leicester Square & deliver the books to you'. If he should be in when she calls, Napier asks him to 'explain to her my theory as to the "Sources of the Nile", briefly embodied in the accompanying paper'.

Autograph Letter Signed from Lord Walter Talbot Kerr ['Walter T. Kerr'] to 'Sir Spencer', in his capacity as a Lord of the Admiralty, concernng naval etiquette in regard to the wearing of epaulettes following the court martial of Admiral Fairfax.

Author: 
Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr (1839-1927), Lord of the Admiralty [Sir Algernon Heneage; Admiral Stephenson; the court martial of Admiral Henry Fairfax, 1892]
Publication details: 
26 January 1893; on an Admiralty letterhead.
£65.00
Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr

12mo, 4 pp. Forty lines. Text clear and complete. Fair, on aged paper, and with line of glue from previous mount. Following the 'Court Martial of Admiral Fairfax', where 'two out of 3 KCBs' wore 'Epaulettes on a Frock Coat' with 'the Collar or Badge of K.C.B.', all three parties considering themselves to be right, Kerr wishes the matter 'cleared up', Sir Algernon Heneage having officially asked for information.

Autograph Reference Signed W Wellesley (Captain, HMS Winchester)

Author: 
Hon. William Wellesley, Royal Navy, Captain
Publication details: 
No place given, 1 May 1833
£45.00
Autograph Reference Signed W Wellesley (Captain, HMS Winchester)

Seven lines, one page, c.18 x 12cm, some staining, but text clear and complete. As Commander of he Wincheser, he's certifying that Henry A. Norman served as midshipman on the Winchester from 6 Jan. to 12 June 1833 and behaved with diligence, attention and sobriety, & was always obedient to command.

Reference in secretarial hand Signed W Wellesley (Captain, HMS Sapphire)

Author: 
Hon. William Wellesley, Royal Navy, Captain
Publication details: 
Sapphire, Halifax Harbour, 9 October 1832.
£45.00
Reference in secretarial hand Signed W Wellesley (Captain, HMS Sapphire)

One page, c.19 x 23cm, some foxing, but text clear and complete. As Commander of he Sapphire, he's certifying the Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy that H. A. Norman served as College Volunteer of the Ist Class on Sapphire and conducted himself with Diligence, Sobriety, etc.

Reference in secretarial hand Signed Jas.R.Dacres (Captain, HMS Edinburgh)

Author: 
James Richard Dacres, Royal Navy, Captain
Publication details: 
HMS Edinburgh, Malta Harbour, 6 Dec. 1835
£56.00
Reference in secretarial hand Signed Jas.R.Dacres (Captain, HMS Edinburgh)

One page, c.20 x 16cm, some foxing, but text clear and complete. As Commander of he Sapphire, he's certifying the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy that H. A. Norman served as Midshipman on the Edinburgh from 18 Nov. to [1 Dec. 1835] with diligence, sobriety, etc.

Part Printed, part Manuscript Passing Certification, that H.A. Norman is fully capable of filling the situation of a Lieutenant in His Majesty's Fleet. Signed by Three Captains.

Author: 
[Naval Examination]
Publication details: 
Signed on board Bellerophon at Malta, 10 March 1837.
£125.00
Naval Examination

One page, folio, foxed, four small tears with no textual loss, fold marks, text legible and complete. It refers to the order for the examination being given by Admiral Sir Josias Rowley, gives details of his career in the Royal Navy (ship, entry, discharged, time, etc columnised), mention of certificates from his Captains (see #s9958-9962 in my inventory), statement of his competence, signed by three examining Captains naming their ships (Bellerophon , Samuel Jackson, Revenge, William Elliott, and Asia, William Fisher.

Reference in secretarial hand Signed G Trefusis (Captain, HMS Sapphire)

Author: 
Captain Hon. George Rolle Walpole Trefusis, Captain, Royal Navy
Publication details: 
No place given, 5 Jan. 1833.
£45.00
Captain Hon. George Rolle Walpole Trefusis

One page, c.18 x 11cm, trimmed, some foxing, but text clear and complete. As Commander of he Sapphire, he's certifying that H. A. Norman served as College Volunteer on the Sapphire from 10 Oct. 1832 to [15 Jan. 1833] with diligence, sobriety, etc.

Reference probably in secretarial hand Signed HJCodrington (Commander of the Orestes, later Admiral)..

Author: 
H.J. Codrington, sometime Admiral
Publication details: 
[Orestes] At Sea, 30 April 1836
£56.00
H.J. Codrington, sometime Admiral

One page, 20 x 16cm, some staining, but text clear and complete. As Commander of he Orestes he's certifying that Henry A. Norman served as midshipman on the Sloop Orestes from 7 Dec. 1835 to the date hereof and conducted himself with diligence, sobriety & attention, and was always obedient to command.

Autograph Letter Signed ('W. W. Fisher') from Admiral Sir William Wordsworth Fisher to 'My Dear Chief'.

Author: 
Admiral Sir William Wordsworth Fisher (1875-1937), Royal Navy, captain of a battleship at the Battle of Jutland, subsequently Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet
Publication details: 
4 June [no year]. Place not stated.
£56.00
Admiral Sir William Wordsworth Fisher

4to, 2 pp. Fourteen lines. Text clear and complete. Begins 'With my wretched attainments as a cricketer & golfer how otherwise can I do credit to my revered Chief and his band of brothers than by trying to keep my wicket up in this job?' Discusses 'those Jokers [members of a club?] whom HM has still to honour': 'we all consider that to be a Joker at all is quite enough for any man'.

Manuscript Warrant, written on behalf of Admiral Lucius Curtis and signed by him, to Lieutenant Henry A. Norman of HMS Rodney, appointing him lieutenant on the surveying vessel Bonetta.

Author: 
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Lucius Curtis (1786-1869), 2nd Baronet, KCB [Lieutenant Henry A. Norman]
Publication details: 
'Given on board the Ceylon at Malta the 3rd. day of July 1847'.
£65.00
Manuscript Warrant, written on behalf of Admiral Lucius Curtis

Folio, 2 pp. On first leaf of bifolium. Neatly written out by a secretary and signed by Curtis and 'W. H. Brown, acting secretary'. Headed 'By Sir Lucius Curtis, Bt. CB. Rear Admiral of the Red Second in Command of H.M. Ships and Vessels, on the Mediterranean Station and Senior Officer during the Absence of the Commander in Chief on Special Service.' Directing Norman to join 'Her Majesty's Surveying Vessel Bonetti' as Lieutenant, 'until the pleasure of Vice Admiral Sir William Parker the Commander in Chief shall be known'

Manuscript bill, in French, for one day's lodging food and drink of Admiral Lord Keith during his period supervising the embarkation of Wellington's army, headed 'Mémoire pour Mr. L'amiral recommencé le 25 juin 1814'

Author: 
George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith (1746-1823), British admiral
Publication details: 
25 June 1814.
£180.00
Manuscript bill, in French, for one day's lodging food and drink of Admiral Lord

8vo, 1 p. Text clear and complete. Docketed on reverse 'pour agit | Salles'. Initial bill of eleven items, from '1 jour de Logement 36 [francs]' to café et thé 12 [francs]', amounting to 306 francs. According to the Oxford DNB, 'In April 1814, with Napoleon on his way to Elba, Keith was at La Rochelle supervising the embarkation of Wellington's army for its return to England. He was back at Plymouth on 29 July and hauled down his flag.' This is added to a running bill for 8027 francs, with two extra items (including 'Domestiques'), making a total of 8618 francs.

Calling card of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, on which he has written 'Sir Chas Napier | Merchistoun'.

Author: 
Admiral Sir Charles Napier (1786-1860) [Charles John Napier], Royal Navy, of Merchiston [Merchistoun]
Publication details: 
Without date or place.
£65.00
Calling card of Admiral Sir Charles Napier

On piece of card, 4 x 7 cm. Aged and spotted. Reads 'Sir Chas Napier | Merchistoun', with the words centred as usual. Drawing or floor plan in pencil on reverse. From the Paterson papers.

Autograph Letter Signed ('Jno Colpoys') from Admiral Sir John Colpoys, Governor of Greenwich Hospital, to James Sykes Jnr, regarding arrangements following the death of 'Poor Georgina'.

Author: 
Admiral Sir John Colpoys (c.1742-1821), Governor of Greenwich Hospital [Spithead Mutiny, 1797]
Publication details: 
3 June [1800].
£85.00
Admiral Sir John Colpoys (c.1742-1821)

12mo, 2 pp. Bifolium, with the reverse of the second leaf carrying the address ('J. Sykes Esqr: | 22 Arundel Street | Strand', with two postmarks and docketing by Sykes. Nineteen lines. Text clear and complete. On aged paper, with wear to second leaf. Sykes 'will not be surprized to hear' that on the previous day 'Poor Georgina [...] paid the Great Debt'. Colpoys has arranged for her funeral to be 'conducted - in a Decent Private manner', and for her to be buried 'in the Parish of Kensington where she Died - Mr.

Autograph Signature ('W. H. Smyth') on part of letter from Admiral William Henry Smyth [to J. C. Webster].

Author: 
Admiral William Henry Smyth (1788-1865), Royal Navy, English sailor and astronomer [J. C. Webster, Secretary, Athenaeum Club, London]
Publication details: 
[24 December 1856.]
£75.00
Admiral William Henry Smyth (1788-1865)

On rectangle cut from letter, 7 x 11 cm. On dusty paper. Laid down on page removed from autograph album. Reads 'Wishing you the joys & compliments of the Season, believe me | Your's faithfully, | W. H. Smyth. -' Docketed by Webster at foot: '24/12/56. Admiral Smyth Vice President Royal Society a learned Pundit.' From Webster's autograph collection.

Autograph Letter Signed ('Tho Foley') from Sir Thomas Foley to Sir Richard Hussey-Bickerton, with reference to the conveyance to England in the Royal Sovereign yacht of the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, following Napoleon's abdication.

Author: 
Admiral Sir Thomas Foley (1757-1833), 'The Hero of the Battle of the Nile' [Admiral Sir Richard Hussey-Bickerton (1759-1832), Rear-Admiral to Nelson, 1804-5; Member of Parliment for Poole, Dorset]
Publication details: 
24 May 1814. Place not stated.
£450.00

12mo, 4 pp. Bifolium, with mourning border. Thirty-eight lines. Text clear and complete. On aged and worn paper. The context of the letter is explained by a report in The Times of 2 May 1814, which states that, following Napoleon's abdication, 'The Royal Sovereign and Royal Charlotte yachts are to remain in the Downs, to be ready to sail for Calais for the reception of the Emperor ALEXANDER and the other illustrious personages who will shortly visit this country.

Part-printed Treasury Document (Receipt) signed J Leake

Author: 
Sir John Leake (1656-1720), Admiral
Publication details: 
26 April 1720 (months before his death).
£125.00

One page, c.16 x 17cm, some staining but text clear, trimmed (with loss only to part of a column of MS figures in the top right (total £27), part-printed, filled in in MS. Receipt for £27 from the Exchequer, three months annuity, granted under An Act for granting to her Majesty [Anne] new Duties of Excise . . .

Part-printed Treasury Document (Receipt) signed S ffairborne

Author: 
Sir Stafford Fairborne (1666-1742), Admiral
Publication details: 
18 April 1716.
£125.00

One page, c.19 x 18cm, some staining and minor damage (mainly a few pinholes) but text clear, trimmed (with loss only to MS figures), part-printed, filled in in MS. Receipt for £12.10s from the Exchequer, three months annuity, granted under An Act for continuing one half part of the Subsidies of Tonnage and Poundage, and other Durties upon Wines, Goods, and Merchandizes imported . . .

Autograph Letter Signed ('Napier') to Brown ('Dear Sam').

Author: 
Admiral Sir Charles Napier (1786-1860), Royal Navy [Sir Samuel Brown (1776-1852); Sir Thomas Byam Martin (1773-1854)]
Publication details: 
16 April 1832; United Services Club, London.
£650.00
Letter bySir Charles Napier mentioning the Sea Wolf.

4to, 3 pp. Bifolium. Twenty-two lines. Text clear and complete. Fair, on aged paper, with minor damage repaired with archival tape. Franked, with broken red wax seal and two postmarks, to 'Captain Saml Brown R.N.', at Inverleith House, Edinburgh. Despite the fact that Martin has 'given the Credit of every improvement in the Service', Napier happens to know 'that other people are deserving of more credit than him', and he wishes to 'bring forward some great names like yours' to 'the Lords & the Country' at the second reading of the Navy Officer Bill.

One Autograph Letter Signed ('E. Batsch'), three Typed Letters Signed (two 'Batsch.' and one 'Ernst Batsch'), all to Bower; with two typed book reviews by Batsch (one marked 'translation').

Author: 
Rear Admiral Ernst Batsch (1879-1948) of the Imperial German Navy [Sir Graham Bower KCMG [Sir Graham John Bower] (1848-1933)]
Publication details: 
All items between 1930 and 1932. The first two letters from Kurfuerstenstrasse Nr.81.b, Berlin, W.62; the last two from Enzianstrasse Nr.1, Berlin-Lichterfelde, W.
£650.00

An interesting correspondence, from one maritime expert to another, casting light on German naval attitudes in the period following the Great War. Batsch's father, Admiral Karl Ferdinand Batsch (1831-1898), is regarded as one of the founders of the German navy. Bower, who served for twenty years in the Royal Navy, retiring in 1884 with the rank of Commander, is best known as Imperial Secretary in South Africa at the time of the Jameson Raid. Following the First World War he established himself as an expert in international law relating to naval matters.

Warrant (commission), signed by 'Arden.', 'Charles Small Pybus.' and 'Chs. Middleton' as Lords of the Admiralty, and 'Php Stephens' as Secretary, appointing Paterson 'Captain of His Majesty's Ship the Ariadne'.

Author: 
Charles George Perceval, 2nd Baron Arden; Charles Small Pybus; Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham; Sir Philip Stephens, First Secretary of the Admiralty [Admiral Charles William Paterson]
Publication details: 
20/02/95
£450.00

On one side of a piece of vellum, dimensions 27 x 32 cm. Neatly folded to make eight rectangles. Red wax seal under paper in top left-hand corner, embossed with the Admiralty anchor. One blue 2s 6d stamp in left-hand margin. Small paper stamp on the reverse, which is docketed 'Ariadne | Capt. Paterson | Admty Conf Comm | 20 Jany 1794'. Text entirely legible on lightly discoloured vellum. The body of the document is printed over fifteen lines, with the specific information added in manuscript.

Warrant (commission), signed by 'Sandwich', 'J Buller.' and 'Bamber Gascoyne' as Lords of the Admiralty, and 'Php Stephens' as First Secretary, appointing Paterson 'Second Lieutenant of His Majesty's Ship the Alcide'.

Author: 
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty; Bamber Gascoyne; John Buller; Sir Philip Stephens, 1st Secretary of the Admiralty [Admiral Charles William Paterson]
Publication details: 
[21 April 1780] 'Given under our hands and the Seal of the Office of Admiralty this Twenty first day of April 1780.'
£350.00

One one side of a piece of vellum, dimensions 28.5 x 32.5 cm. Neatly folded to make eight rectangles. Red wax seal beneath paper square in top left-hand corner, embossed with the Admiralty anchor. Two blue 2s 6d stamps in left-hand margin. Small paper stamp on reverse. Text entirely legible on discoloured vellum. Four small burn holes in vellum, affecting two words of text. The body of the document is printed over fifteen lines, with the specific information added in manuscript. Headed 'By the Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland &c.

Autograph Letter Signed ('Le Despencer') to a member of the Tonyn family.

Author: 
Francis Dashwood (1708-1781), 11th Baron Le Despencer, politician and rake; member of the Hellfire Club; founder of the Monks of Medmenham Abbey [Admiral Charles William Paterson (c.1756-1841)]
Publication details: 
8 February 1776; Hanover Square, London.
£750.00

4to: 1 p. 7 lines of text. Docketed on the reverse. Good, on lightly aged paper. That day he went to the Admiralty 'in hopes of meeting Lord Sandwich in order to recommend Mr Paterson [later Admiral Charles William Paterson] to his good will', but he did not see him. When he does, he will 'certainly say everything in that young Gentlemans favor', and he will 'say the same to Lord Howe if I can catch sight of him'. 'Our last news from America are not unfavorable in some respects.'

Autograph Note Signed ('Robert Stopford') [to the Rev. Charles William Tonyn (d.1805) of Radnage, Bucks].

Author: 
Admiral Sir Robert Stopford (1768-1847), Commander-in-Chief of the British fleet sent against Mehmet Ali of Egypt [H.M.S. Victory]
Publication details: 
3 June 1828; Porstmouth.
£100.00

12mo: 1 p. Five lines. Good, on lightly aged paper, with one minor water stain affecting a couple of letters of one word. Reads 'The Adm[ira]lt[ie]s order for you son's reception as Vol[untee]r 1st. Class in the Victory is arrived, & he may join as soon as convenient'. Docketed by Tonyn on reverse '3d. June 1828 |Sir Robt. Stopford Commr. in Chief Porstmo. respecting my son George'. After Trafalgar the Victory was moored in Portsmouth Harbour off Gosport and used as a depot ship.

Autograph Letter Signed ('Dudley North') to 'Miss Perkins'.

Author: 
Admiral Sir Dudley North [Sir Dudley Burton Napier North] (1881-1961), British naval officer
Publication details: 
23 May 1941; on letterhead of Warblington Castle, Havant, Hampshire.
£28.00

12mo, 3 pp. Good, on lightly-aged paper with small light stain to one edge. He has 'been laid up since the party with what appeared to be much the same brand of whopping cough as that indulged in by my children by the present moment!' He is 'shaking it off now' and is 'delighted to hear that your district has achieved the amount aimed at', and is pleased to have 'helped in a small degree towards it'. Written a few months after North's return home in disgrace, after allowing a French squadron pass the Strait of Gibraltar without harrassment in September 1940.

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